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David and Goliath
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David was the son of a certain Ephrathite of Bethlehem in Judah whose name was Jesse. He had eight sons, and in the days of Saul the man was already old, advanced in years. The three oldest sons of Jesse had left and gone with Saul to the war. The names of his three sons who had gone to the war were Eliab the first-born, the next Abinadab, and the third Shammah; and David was the youngest. The three oldest had followed Saul, and David would go back and forth from attending on Saul to shepherd his father’s flock at Bethlehem…
I Samuel 17:12-54
A champion of the Philistine forces stepped forward; his name was Goliath of Gath, and he was six cubits and a span tall. He had a bronze helmet on his head, and wore a breastplate of scale armor, a bronze breastplate weighing five thousand shekels. He had bronze greaves on his legs, and a bronze javelin [slung] from his shoulders. The shaft of his spear was like a weaver’s bar, and the iron head of his spear weighed six hundred shekels; and the shield-bearer marched in front of him. He stopped and called out to the ranks of Israel and he said to them…
I Samuel 17:4-11
When the [troops] came home [and] David returned from killing the Philistine, the women of all the towns of Israel came out singing and dancing to greet King Saul with timbrels, shouting, and sistrums. The women sang as they danced, and they chanted:
Saul has slain his thousands;
David, his tens of thousands!
I Samuel 18:6-7
The mishna recorded the particulars of the priest’s address:
The Philistines came championed by Goliath.
The Gemara describes the battle between David and Goliath. What is implied by the name
Goliath? Rabbi Yoḥanan says:
The verse indicates
that he stood before the Holy One, Blessed be He, with brazenness [
gilui panim
], as it is stated: “Choose yourselves a man [
ish
], and let him come down to me”
(I Samuel 17:8), and
man [
ish
]
is referring to
none other
than
the Holy One, Blessed be He…
Sotah 42b:2-3
Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman interpreted the verse regarding the Philistines. “When evildoers approach me,” this is Goliath, as it is stated: “The Philistine approached every morning and evening” (I Samuel 17:16). “To consume my flesh” – “The Philistine said to David: Come to me and I will give your flesh to the birds of the heavens” (I Samuel 17:44). Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: The land took hold of him. Rabbi Tanḥuma said: I will state a source; it does not say: “I will come to you,” but rather “come to me.” This teaches that the land took hold of him…
Vayikra Rabbah 21:2
"To the choirmaster, a psalm of David. An oracle of transgression to the wicked. This is what the scripture says (Deuteronomy 33:29), 'Happy are you, O Israel! Who is like you, a people saved by the Lord?' The Holy One, blessed be He, fights the wars of Israel and ensures their victory. And it also says (Deuteronomy 34:11-12), 'For all the signs and wonders, and for all the mighty deeds and the great terror which Moses performed in the sight of all Israel, there has not arisen a prophet since in Israel like Moses, whom the Lord knew face to face.' Only Moses spoke with God…
Midrash Tehillim 36:1
The Philistines assembled their forces for battle; they massed at Socoh of Judah, and encamped at Ephes-dammim, between Socoh and Azekah. Saul and the men of Israel massed and encamped in the valley of Elah. They drew up their line of battle against the Philistines, with the Philistines stationed on one hill and Israel stationed on the opposite hill; the ravine was between them.
I Samuel 17:1-3
Related
ראו גם
David's Wars
David and Saul
Philistines
King David
Goliath
David and Jonathan
Orpah
Chanukkah
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