Order & Pattern of Plagues
existence/ Providence/ Capability -Ramban, Malbim
Via -Aaron / Moshe/ G-d
all 3 -Nesivos Shalom
Parts of Body and growth
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Intellect / emotion / Desire
mind / heart / body
Divided into 3 categories
10 statements of creation; 10 plagues; 10 commandments
relationship to sefirot -multifaceted nature of evil & Action necc to destroy it
Purpose of plagues
Egyptians
Punishment, measure for measure -Abarbenel
Revelation of G-d
Jews
Mitzri among Jews
Revelation of G-d
concealed vs. revealed miracles, and pattern for history
World
tikum olam
Plague |
Attribute of God |
Physical Location |
God’s Power over |
Warning to Pharaoh |
1. Blood (דם) |
Of the first nine plagues, the first set of three demonstrated the existence of God – in response to Pharaoh’s denial of God (Shemot 7:17, Malbim) |
The first set of plagues came from below, from the water and the earth, and being a lesser form of plague, they were performed by Aharon (Shemot 7:17, 7:28, 8:12; Tosafos on the Haggadah) |
Water |
Warning |
2. Frogs (צפרדע) |
Aquatic creatures |
Warning |
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3. Lice (כִנִם) |
Dust of the earth |
No warning. (The three plagues about which Pharaoh was not warned caused pain and inconvenience, but no threat to life – Ramban/Nachmanides 8:15). |
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4. Wild Animals (עֹרב) |
The second set demonstrated God’s Providence and control of all the world’s details – in response to Pharaoh’s claim that even if God exists He has no authority over the world (Shemot 8:18, Malbim). |
The second set of plagues came from above the ground and from the air, and being a higher form of plague they were performed by Moshe (Shemot 8:17, 9:3, 9:9; Tosafos on the Haggadah) |
Land animals |
Warning |
5. Epidemic (דבר) |
Life of land animals |
Warning |
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6. Boils (שחין) |
Humans |
No warning |
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7. Hail (ברד) |
The third set demonstrated that God’s power is absolute and unparalleled – in response to Pharaoh’s claim that even if God has powers, other gods have equal powers (Shemot 9:14, Malbim). |
The last four came from the sky, being the highest form of plague, they were performed by God Himself (Shemot 9:18, 10:4, 10:21, 12:12; Tosafos on the Haggadah) |
Nature |
Warning |
8. Locusts (ארבה) |
Flying creatures |
Warning |
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9. Darkness (חֹשך) |
Day and night |
No warning |
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10. Death of the firstborn (מכת בכורות) |
The tenth plague signifies God’s direct control over life and death (Chaye Olam Vol. I, 15). |
Life and death |
Warning |