T100F - Chachim veArachim - Chevruta 3

(1) And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: . . . (4) These are the set times of the Lord, the holy occasions which you shall proclaim, each at its appointed time. (5) In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at dusk, there shall be a Passover offering to the Lord. . . . (9) And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: (10) Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: When you come into the land which I give to you, and shall reap the harvest, then you shall bring the Omer of your harvest to the priest. (11) And he shall elevate the Omer before the Lord, to be accepted for you; on the day after the Shabbat the priest shall elevate it. . . . (14) Until that very day, until you have brought the offering of your God, you shall eat no bread, nor parched grain or fresh ears; it is a law for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. (15) And from that day on which you bring the Omer of elevation offering -- the day after the Shabbat -- you shall count seven complete weeks. (16) You must count until the day after the seventh week -- fifty days; then you shall bring an offering of new grain to the LORD. . . . (21) And you shall make proclamation on that same day; it shall be a sacred occasion to you; you shall not work at your occupations; it is a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations. (22) And when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not wholly reap the corner of your field, neither shall you gather the gleaning of your harvest; you shall leave them for the poor, and for the stranger: I am the Lord your God.

(1) Setting out from Elim, the whole Israelite community came to the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departure from the land of Egypt. (2) In the wilderness, the whole Israelite community grumbled against Moses and Aaron. (3) The Israelites said to them, "If only we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the fleshpots, when we ate our fill of bread!

(4) And the Lord said to Moses, "I will rain down bread for you from the sky, and the people shall go out and gather each day that day's portion, that I may thus test them, to see whether they will follow my instructions or not. (5) But on the sixth day, when they apportion what they have brought in, it shall prove to be double the amount they gather each day." (6) So Moses and Aaron said to all of the Israelites, "By evening you shall know it was the Lord who brought you out from the Land of Egypt; (7) and in the morning you shall behold the presence of the Lord because He has heard your grumblings agains the Lord. For who are we that you should grumble against us?" ...

(14) When the fall of dew lifted, there, over the surface of the wilderness, lay a fine and flaky substance, as fine as frost on the ground. (15) When the Israelites saw it, they said to one another, "What is it?" -- for they did not know what it was. And Moses said to them, "That is the bread which the Lord has given you to eat. (16) This is what the Lord has commanded: Gather as much of it as each you requires to eat, an Omer to a person for as many of you as there are; each of you shall fetch for those in his tent." (17) The Israelites did so, some gathering much, some little. (18) But when they had measured it by the Omer, he who had gathered much had no excess, and he who had gathered little had no deficiency: they had gathered as much as they needed to eat.

(19) And Moses said to them "Let no one leave any of over until morning." (20) But they paid no attention to Moses; some of them left of it until morning, and it became infested with maggots and stank. And Moses was angry with them. (21) So they gathered it every morning, each as much as he needed to eat; for when the sun grew hot, it would melt.(22) On the sixth day, they gathered double the amount of food, two Omers for each; and when all the chieftains of the community came and told Moses, (23) he said to them, "This is what the Lord meant: Tomorrow is a day of rest, a holy Shabbat of the Lord. Bake what you would bake and boil what you would boil; and all that is left put aside to be kept until morning." (24) So they put it until morning, as Moses had ordered; and it did not turn foul, and there no maggots in it. (25) Then Moses said, "Eat it today, for today is a Shabbat of the Lord; you will not find it today on the plain. (26) Six days you shall gather it; on the seventh day, the Shabbat, there will be none. (27) Yet some of the people went out on the seventh day to gather, but they found nothing.

(28) And the Lord said to Moses, "How long will you people refuse to obey my commandments and my teachings? (29) Mark that the Lord has given you the Shabbat; therefore, he gives you two days food on the sixth day. Let everyone remain where he is: let no one leave his place on the seventh day." (30) So the people rested on the seventh day. (31) The house of Israel named it man; it was like coriander seed, white, and it tasted life wafers in honey.

(32) Moses said, "This is what the Lord has commanded: Let one Omer of it be kept throughout the ages, in order that they may see the bread that I fed you in the wilderness when I brought you out from the land of Egypt." (33) And Moses said to Aaron: "Take a jar, put an Omer of man in it, and place it before the Lord, to be kept throughout the ages." (34) As the Lord had commanded Moses, Aaron placed it before the Ark, to be kept. (35) And the Israelites ate the man forty years, until they came to a settled land; they ate the man until they came to the border of the land of Canaan. (36) And the Omer is a tenth of an Epha.

1) Apos de ter lido as 2 primeiras fontes, como você poderia explicar o que é o "Omer"?

With regard to the twelve thousand pairs of Rabbi Akiva’s students, the Gemara adds: It is taught that all of them died in the period from Passover until Shavuot. Rav Ḥama bar Abba said, and some say it was Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin: They all died a bad death. The Gemara inquires: What is it that is called a bad death? Rav Naḥman said: Diphtheria.

(6) During [the first] thirty-three days of the Sefirah period (the counting of the Omer), the disciples of Rabbi Akiva perished. Therefore, it is the custom during these days to observe a partial state of mourning:¹⁰Should the need arise, it is permitted to say the berachah, שֶׁהֶתֱיָנוּ (shehechiyanu) during these days. (Ibid. 493:2) Marriages should not be performed and you should not take a haircut (or shave).¹¹Those that are permitted to shave on Chol Hamoed, are also permitted to shave during Sefirah. (See Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 104:11) (Ibid. 493:1) There are various customs regarding (the day on which to begin) to count these thirty-three days. Some communities have the custom of counting them beginning with the first day of the Omer, and, therefore, they forbid [weddings and haircuts] until Lag ba'omer (the 33rd day of the Omer). But when Rosh Chodesh Iyar occurs on Shabbos, which has two levels of kedushah (sanctity), the kedushah of Shabbos and the kedushah of Rosh Chodesh, they permit marriages and haircuts on erev Shabbos. On Lag ba'omer and from that day on, the restrictions are permitted, because on Lag ba'omer [Rabbi Akiva's disciples] ceased to die. We, therefore, rejoice somewhat, and we do not say Tachanun on that day. Although on that very day some of them died (mourning need not be observed for a full day), for the Halachah states, a part of a day is considered as a full day; therefore, you should not take a haircut, nor should weddings be held; until after dawn (of Lag ba'omer), but not in the evening. But if Lag ba'omer occurs on Sunday, you may take a haircut on the preceding erev Shabbos, in honor of Shabbos.

(7) In other communities, they permit (weddings and haircuts) until Rosh Chodesh Iyar, inclusive, which adds up to sixteen days. This leaves thirty-three days, during which these things are forbidden, [that is] until Shavuos, (but they permit haircuts on erev Shavuos). Nevertheless, on Lag ba'omer they permit (weddings and haircuts); (and if Lag ba'omer occurs on Sunday, they permit them on erev Shabbos, as I have written above.) In still other communities, they permit (these things) until Rosh Chodesh Iyar, exclusive of that day, and on the first day of Rosh Chodesh, the restrictions begin to apply. On the first of the three days of Hagbalah [the three days preceding Shavuos,] which is the thirty-third day (of the period the restrictions are in effect), they apply the rule, "A part of day is considered as a full day," and they, therefore, permit marriages and haircuts during these three days, as well as on Lag ba'omer, (as I have written above). It is essential that the entire community follow the same custom, and not that some follow one custom and others follow a different custom.