There were five events that happened to our ancestors on the seventeenth of Tammuz and five on the ninth of Av.On the seventeenth of Tammuz: The tablets were shattered; The tamid (daily) offering was cancelled; The [walls] of the city were breached; And Apostomos burned the Torah, and placed an idol in the Temple. On the ninth of Av It was decreed that our ancestors should not enter the land, The Temple was destroyed the first And the second time, Betar was captured, And the city was plowed up. When Av enters, they limit their rejoicing.
9 de Av e a esperança
"The Nature of Tisha B'av" by Rabbi Maury Grebenau
There is no question that there is an element of this feeling of despair on Tisha B’Av. However, I do not believe that it is the defining factor in not saying tachanun on Tisha B’Av since the Jewish response is never one of depression and hopelessness. It is interesting to note that we also do not say Tachanun on erev Tisha B’Av (Shulchan Aruch 552:12). If the reason was simply that it was a time when we felt a distance with Hashem then it would be difficult to understand why we didn’t say tachanun before Tisha B’Av as well. This time the Shulchan Aruch gives us a reason. He explains that Tisha B’Av is called a ‘moed’ in the first chapter of Eicha (Lamentations). Although the simple reading of the verse would seem to indicate that ‘moed’ here simply means ‘time’, the implication is that on some level there is a holiday aspect to Tisha B’Av. How can we understand Tisha B’Av as a celebration of any kind?
The Jewish response to tragedy is certainly to mourn but also to move on and find the light contained within the darkness. There is a debate as to whether kiddush levana (blessing the moon) should be done on the night after Tisha B’Av or if we should wait until right after shabbos Nachamu, when we normally say kiddush levana [It is generally said on a Saturday night]. The Ari z”l (quoted in Shaare Teshuva O.C.549:2) felt that it should be said immediately after the fast due to the fact that Moshiach is born on Tisha B’Av. We announce to the world that the moon will be renewed in recognition of this fact. The idea is that in our darkest hour, the seeds of our greatest redemption are born. Even on the saddest day of the Jewish calendar we refrain from saying tachanun. The message is for us to find the message of hope for a brighter future even within the most challenging and troubling of times.
(ח) אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, לֹא הָיוּ יָמִים טוֹבִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּאָב וּכְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, שֶׁבָּהֶן בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם יוֹצְאוֹת בִּכְלֵי לָבָן שְׁאוּלִין, שֶׁלֹּא לְבַיֵּשׁ אֶת מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ. כָּל הַכֵּלִים טְעוּנִין טְבִילָה. וּבְנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם יוֹצְאוֹת וְחוֹלוֹת בַּכְּרָמִים. וּמֶה הָיוּ אוֹמְרוֹת, בָּחוּר, שָׂא נָא עֵינֶיךָ וּרְאֵה, מָה אַתָּה בוֹרֵר לָךְ. אַל תִּתֵּן עֵינֶיךָ בַנּוֹי, תֵּן עֵינֶיךָ בַמִּשְׁפָּחָה. שֶׁקֶר הַחֵן וְהֶבֶל הַיֹּפִי, אִשָּׁה יִרְאַת ה' הִיא תִתְהַלָּל (משלי לא).
(8) Rabbon Simeon hen Gamaliel says, "Never were more joyous festivals in Israel than the 15th of Ab and the day of atonement, for on them the maidens of Jerusalem used to go out dressed in white garments—borrowed ones, in order not to cause shame to those who had them not of their own;—these clothes were also to be previously immersed, and thus they went out and danced in the vineyards, saying, Young men, look and observe well whom you are about to choose [as a spouse]; regard not beauty [alone], but rather look to a virtuous family, for 'Gracefulness is deceitful, and beauty is a vain thing, but the woman that feareth the Lord, she is worthy of praise' (Prov. 31:3); and it is also said (Prov. 31:31), 'Give her of the fruit of her hands, and let her own works praise her in the gates.' And thus is it said [in allusion to this custom], 'Go out, maidens of Jerusalem, and look on King Solomon, and on the crown wherewith his mother has encircled [his head] on the day of his espousals, and on the day of the gladness of his heart' (Cant. iii. 11); 'the day of his espousals,' alludes to the day of the gift of the law, and 'the day of the gladness of his heart,' was that when the building of the Temple was completed." May it soon be rebuilt in our days. Amen!