GUIDING INVESTIGATIONS
- What do the sources say about assisting those who are poor and need housing?
- How does the holiday of Sukkot teach us about homelessness and secure housing?
- What do weather conditions have to do with shelter?
CORE SOURCES
(35) If your fellow, being in straits, comes under your authority, and you hold him as though a resident alien, let him live by your side:
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(ה) יוֹסֵי בֶן יוֹחָנָן אִישׁ יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אוֹמֵר, יְהִי בֵיתְךָ פָתוּחַ לִרְוָחָה, וְיִהְיוּ עֲנִיִּים בְּנֵי בֵיתֶךָ
(5) Yose ben Yochanan of Jerusalem used to say: Let thy house be wide open, and let the poor be members of thy household.
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(א) ויטע אשל, נטע שם נטיעה סמוך לבאר שהיה לו לעדות כי נשארה הבאר לו בלא מחלוקת... ורז"ל דרשו נוטריקון אכילה שתיה לויה, ר"ל שהנהיג אנשי באר שבע להכניס אורחים ושחייב אדם לעשות לאורח הבא עליו שלשה דברים, אכילה שתייה לויה.
He [Abraham] planted some saplings (eshel) there to serve as proof that the well nearby was now his undisputed property... Our Sages understand the word eshel (אשל) as an acronym for “eating (אכילה), drinking (שתייה) and staying overnight (לינה).” In other words, Avraham established a shelter there to serve people passing that region. He taught the people around Be'er Sheva to practice the art of hosting strangers. In order to fulfill that virtue one must provide the three ingredients represented by the three letters in the word eshel (אשל).
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(ו) הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵרוֹ, בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהוֹצִיאוֹ מִן הֶחָג וְעַד הַפֶּסַח, בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. וּבַכְּרַכִּים, אֶחָד יְמוֹת הַחַמָּה וְאֶחָד יְמוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ.
(6) If one leased a house to his fellow in the rainy season, he cannot make him leave it [during the time] from Sukkot to Pesach. In the summer, [he must give him] thirty days [warning]. And in large cities, whether it is during the rainy season or the summer [he must give] twelve months [warning].
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The remainder of the sources are all commentaries on the source below from Leviticus, each one offering a different rationale for the commandment to sit in booths, sukkot.
למען תזכרו - כי בסוכות הושבתי את בני ישראל במדבר ארבעים שנה - בלא יישוב ובלא נחלה ומתוך כך תתנו הודאה למי שנתן לכם נחלה ובתים מלאים כל טוב
This is to be done in order that you will remember that the Israelites lives in booths in the desert for a period of 40 years when they neither owned land nor found themselves in a cultivated part of the earth. Remembering all this you will have ample reason to be grateful to the One Who has provided you with all of your present wealth and comfort.
והנה גם זה המועד זכר ליציאת מצרים ואם ישאל שואל למה בתשרי זאת המצוה יש להשיב כי... מימות תשרי החלו לעשות סוכות בעבור הקור:
Any perceptive person who travels from Arabia to Edom will understand the reason for this commandment. This festival, like the others, commemorates the Exodus from Egypt... It was necessary to construct huts on account of the cold from the time of Tishrei [the month when we celebrate Sukkot] onwards.
David Gottlieb, a secular Jew and practicing Zen Buddhist clergy
The mitzvah of dwelling in the sukkah each year reminds us of our innate frailty and the good fortune we experience in having permanent shelter. To develop or preserve affordable housing, then, is to express and promote a core Jewish value in a way that addresses an urgent societal need.
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ADDITIONAL RESOURCES: PEACE AS SHELTER
וּפְרוש עָלֵינוּ סֻכַּת שְׁלומֶךָ.
Spread over us Your shelter of peace