This sheet on Leviticcus 2 was written by Yonatan Cohen for 929 and can also be found here
A subtle, yet drastic, difference is expressed between Leviticus 1 and Leviticus 2. In the first chapter, the commandment to offer a sacrifice is addressed to any person (adam) whereas the second chapter refers to a person as a soul (nefesh).
Rashi explains that this unique term is only used in connection with the meal offering, a gift usually brought by the poor. The Holy One considers the pauper’s gift as though this person had offered their very own soul. Chizkuni adds his own insight by explaining that this free offering is never offered by the community (after all, it is a free offering). This offering therefore is a true expression of an individual’s desire as a unique soul to enter into relationship with the Holy One.
The change in terms from “person” to “soul”, denoting a shift from sacrifice to self-sacrifice and from communal practice to personal piety is perhaps indicative of a spiritual move inwards. Leviticus begins with a call to everyone to draw near to God as part of a whole or a collective. In the process of drawing near however we come into greater focus (to God and to ourselves) ultimately emerging as individual souls. While our service begins as part of a community, it must eventually evolve into personal heartfelt worship.
This shift in terms is particularly resonant for me as one who joins and participates in communal prayer three times a day. The change in language challenges me to question the depth of my personal practice. Sure, I relate to God daily in the mode of “adam” as captured in Leviticus 1. Yet, I must ask myself, do I relate sufficiently to God in my daily prayer as a “nefesh.” In other words, to what extent are my daily prayers an expression of my inner-most self and a free offering to God.
In a similar vein, one who’s daily practice is spotty or lacking, might use this insight to deepen their commitment to prayer in the mode of “adam.” Spirituality is ephemeral and fleeting. Anchoring our spiritual strivings in daily ritual, practice and prayer may be a necessary first step on the path of spiritual connection and enlightenment.
Rabbi Yonatan Cohen is the spiritual leader of Congregation Beth Israel in Berkeley, CA.
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