(7) Let the mother bird go, and take only the young, in order that you may fare well and have a long life.
Here are 2 mitzvot that the Torah single out as prolonging one's life. (to be fair they're not the only one but they're the most often quoted, see Dt 25:13 for instance)
Why those two? Think about similarities and differences.
MISHNA: Anyone who performs one mitzva has goodness bestowed upon him, his life is lengthened, and he inherits the land, And anyone who does not perform one mitzva does not have goodness bestowed upon him, his life is not lengthened, and he does not inherit the land
How do you understand this Mishna? does it contradict what you've understood from the previous sources?
רבי יעקב היא דאמר שכר מצוה בהאי עלמא ליכא דתניא רבי יעקב אומר אין לך כל מצוה ומצוה שכתובה בתורה שמתן שכרה בצדה שאין תחיית המתים תלויה בה בכיבוד אב ואם כתיב (דברים ה, טו) למען יאריכון ימיך ולמען ייטב לך בשילוח הקן כתיב (דברים כב, ז) למען ייטב לך והארכת ימים הרי שאמר לו אביו עלה לבירה והבא לי גוזלות ועלה לבירה ושלח את האם ונטל את הבנים ובחזירתו נפל ומת היכן טובת ימיו של זה והיכן אריכות ימיו של זה אלא למען ייטב לך לעולם שכולו טוב ולמען יאריכון ימיך לעולם שכולו ארוך
(...) It is Rabbi Ya’akov who says: There is no reward for performance of a mitzva in this world, as one is rewarded for mitzvot only World-to-Come. As it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Ya’akov says: There is not a single mitzva written in the Torah whose reward is stated alongside it, which is not dependent on the resurrection of the dead, i.e., the reward is actually bestowed in the World-to-Come, after the resurrection of the dead. How so? With regard to honoring one’s father and mother it is written: “That your days may be long, and that it may go well with you” (Deuteronomy 5:16). With regard to the dispatch of the mother bird from the nest it is written: “That it may be well with you, and that you may prolong your days” (Deuteronomy 22:7). Despite this, it occurred that there was one whose father said to him: Climb to the top of the building and fetch me chicks. And he climbed to the top of the building and dispatched the mother bird and took the young, thereby simultaneously fulfilling the mitzva to dispatch the mother bird from the nest and the mitzva to honor one’s parents, but upon his return he fell and died. Where is the goodness of the days of this one, and where is the length of days of this one? Rather, the verse “that it may be well with you” means in the world where all is well, and “that your days may be long” is referring to the world that is entirely long. The Gemara asks: But perhaps this incident never occurred?
There's many different voices here. Chart them out: For each theory which moral and theological challenges arise ?
Now, back on our Sugya!
-How does the mnemonic work?
Is there anything uniting the mitzvot performed by Rabbi Zakkai? What do you make of the mother’s action?
Is there a common denominator for Rabbi Elazar's actions?
: זַלְפָ״ן סִימָן: שָׁאֲלוּ תַּלְמִידָיו אֶת רַבִּי זַכַּאי :'בַּמָּה הֶאֱרַכְתָּ יָמִים'?
אָמַר לָהֶם מִיָּמַי לֹא הִשְׁתַּנְתִּי מַיִם בְּתוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁל תְּפִלָּה וְלֹא כִּנִּיתִי שֵׁם לַחֲבֵירִי וְלֹא בִּיטַּלְתִּי קִידּוּשׁ הַיּוֹם אִמָּא זְקֵינָה הָיְתָה לִי פַּעַם אַחַת מָכְרָה כִּפָּה שֶׁבְּרֹאשָׁהּ וְהֵבִיאָה לִי קִידּוּשׁ הַיּוֹם תָּנָא כְּשֶׁמֵּתָה הַנִּיחָה לוֹ שְׁלוֹשׁ מֵאוֹת גַּרְבֵי יַיִן כְּשֶׁמֵּת הוּא הִנִּיחַ לְבָנָיו שְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים גַּרְבֵי יַיִן רַב הוּנָא הֲוָה אָסַר רִיתָא וְקָאֵי קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב אָמַר לֵיהּ מַאי הַאי אֲמַר לֵיהּ לָא הֲוָה לִי קִידּוּשָׁא וּמַשְׁכַּנְתֵּיהּ לְהֶמְיָינַאי וְאֵתַאי בֵּיהּ קִידּוּשָׁא אֲמַר לֵיהּ יְהֵא רַעֲוָא דְּתִיטּוּם בְּשִׁירָאֵי כִּי אִיכַּלַּל רַבָּה בְּרֵיהּ רַב הוּנָא אִינִישׁ גּוּצָא הֲוָה גְּנָא אַפּוּרְיָא אָתְיָין בְּנָתֵיהּ וְכַלָּתֵיהּ שָׁלְחָן וְשָׁדְיָין מָנַיְיהוּ עֲלֵיהּ עַד דְּאִיטּוּם בְּשִׁירָאֵי שְׁמַע רַב וְאִיקְּפַד אֲמַר מַאי טַעְמָא לָא אֲמַרְתְּ לִי כִּי בָּרֵכְתָּיךְ וְכֵן לְמָר שָׁאֲלוּ תַּלְמִידָיו אֶת רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן שַׁמּוּעַ בַּמָּה הֶאֱרַכְתָּ יָמִים אָמַר לָהֶם מִיָּמַי לֹא עָשִׂיתִי קַפֶּנְדַּרְיָא לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וְלֹא פָּסַעְתִּי עַל רָאשֵׁי עַם קָדוֹשׁ וְלֹא נָשָׂאתִי כַּפַּי בְּלֹא בְּרָכָה
§a mnemonic device, Zayin, lamed, peh, nun: Rabbi Zakkai was once asked by his disciples: In the merit of which virtue were you blessed with longevity? He said to them: In all my days, I never urinated within four cubits of a place that had been used for prayer. Nor did I ever call my fellow by a nickname. And I never neglected the mitzva of sanctifying the day of Shabbat over wine. I was meticulous about this mitzva to the extent that I had an elderly mother, and once, when I did not have wine, she sold the kerchief that was on her head, and from the proceeds she brought me wine upon which to do the mitzva of sanctifying the day. It was taught concerning Rabbi Zakkai: When his mother died, she left him three hundred barrels of wine. When he died, he left his sons three thousand barrels of wine. In a related incident, it once happened that Rav Huna was girded with a piece of straw [rita] and was standing before Rav. Rav said to him: What is this? Why are you dressed in this way? He said to him: I had no wine for sanctifying the day of Shabbat, so I pawned my belt [hemyanai], and with the proceeds I brought wine for sanctifying the day. Rav said to him: May it be God’s will that you be enveloped in silk [shira’ei] in reward for such dedication. When Rabba, his son, was married, Rav Huna, who was a short man, was lying on his bed, and owing to his diminutive size he went unnoticed. His daughters and daughters-in-law came into the room and removed and threw their silk garments upon him until he was entirely enveloped in silk. With this, Rav’s blessing was fulfilled to the letter. When Rav heard about this, he became angry with Rav Huna, and said: What is the reason that when I blessed you, you did not respond in kind and say to me: And likewise to the Master?
Rabbi Elazar ben Shammua was once asked by his disciples: In the merit of which virtue were you blessed with longevity? He said to them: In all my days, I never made a shortcut through a synagogue.Nor did I ever stride over the heads of the sacred people, i.e., I never stepped over people sitting in the study hall in order to reach my place, so as not to appear scornful of them. And I never raised my hands in the Priestly Benediction without reciting a blessing beforehand. On the third occasion,
שָׁאֲלוּ תַּלְמִידָיו אֶת רַבִּי פְּרִידָא בַּמָּה הֶאֱרַכְתָּ יָמִים?
אָמַר לָהֶם מִיָּמַי לֹא קְדָמַנִי אָדָם לְבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ
וְלֹא בֵּרַכְתִּי לִפְנֵי כֹהֵן וְלֹא אָכַלְתִּי מִבְּהֵמָה שֶׁלֹּא הוּרְמוּ מַתְּנוֹתֶיהָ דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָסוּר לֶאֱכוֹל מִבְּהֵמָה שֶׁלֹּא הוּרְמוּ מַתְּנוֹתֶיהָ וְאָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק כׇּל הָאוֹכֵל מִבְּהֵמָה שֶׁלֹּא הוּרְמוּ מַתְּנוֹתֶיהָ כְּאִילּוּ אוֹכֵל טְבָלִים וְלֵית הִלְכְתָא כְּווֹתֵיהּ וְלֹא בֵּרַכְתִּי לִפְנֵי כֹהֵן לְמֵימְרָא דִּמְעַלְּיוּתָא הִיא וְהָא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן כׇּל תַּלְמִיד חָכָם שֶׁמְּבָרֵךְ לְפָנָיו אֲפִילּוּ כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל עַם הָאָרֶץ אוֹתוֹ תַּלְמִיד חָכָם חַיָּיב מִיתָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר כׇּל מְשַׂנְאַי אָהֲבוּ מָוֶת אַל תִּקְרֵי מְשַׂנְאַי אֶלָּא מַשְׂנִיאַי כִּי קָאָמַר אִיהוּ בְּשָׁוִין
Rabbi Perida was once asked by his disciples: In the merit of which virtue were you blessed with longevity? He said to them: In all my days, no person ever arrived before me to the study hall, as I was always the first to arrive.
And I never recited Grace after Meals in the presence of a priest, but rather I gave him the privilege to lead. And I never ate from an animal whose priestly portions, i.e., the foreleg, the jaw, and the maw, had not already been set aside. Another example of Rabbi Perida’s meticulous behavior is based on that which Rabbi Yitzḥak said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: It is prohibited to eat meat from an animal whose priestly portions have not been set aside. And Rabbi Yitzḥak said: Anyone who eats meat from an animal whose priestly portions have not been set aside is regarded as if he were eating untithed produce. The Gemara comments: And the halakha is not in accordance with his opinion. Rather, it is permitted to eat meat from such an animal. Nevertheless, Rabbi Perida acted stringently and did not eat from it. The Gemara considers another of Rabbi Perida’s actions: He said: And I never blessed Grace after Meals in the presence of a priest, but rather I gave him the privilege to lead. Is this to say that doing so is especially virtuous? But hasn’t Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Any Torah scholar who allows someone else to bless Grace after Meals in his presence, i.e., to lead for him, even if that person is a High Priest who is an ignoramus, then that Torah scholar is liable to receive the death penalty for belittling his own honor? This is as it is stated: “All those who hate me, love death” (Proverbs 8:36). Do not read it as “those who hate Me [mesan’ai],” rather read it as though it said: Those who make Me hated [masni’ai]. The honor due to a Torah scholar is representative of the honor of God in the world. Therefore, by belittling his own honor, he causes others to fail to respect God, which can ultimately develop into hate. If so, why did Rabbi Perida consider his behavior to be so deserving of praise? The Gemara answers: When Rabbi Perida says this, he was speaking of people of equal stature.
-What are the two authorities being opposed to one another here ?
-The Rabbis seems to think of themselves as a proxy for another authority...what do you make of that?
שָׁאֲלוּ תַּלְמִידָיו אֶת רַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא בֶּן הַקָּנָה בַּמֶּה הֶאֱרַכְתָּ יָמִים אָמַר לָהֶם מִיָּמַי לֹא נִתְכַּבַּדְתִּי בִּקְלוֹן חֲבֵרִי וְלֹא עָלְתָה עַל מִטָּתִי קִלְלַת חֲבֵרִי וַותְּרָן בְּמָמוֹנִי הָיִיתִי לֹא נִתְכַּבַּדְתִּי בִּקְלוֹן חֲבֵרִי כִּי הָא דְּרַב הוּנָא דָּרֵי מָרָא אַכַּתְפֵּיהּ אֲתָא רַב חָנָא בַּר חֲנִילַאי וְקָא דָרֵי מִינֵּיהּ אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִי רְגִילַתְּ דְּדָרֵית בְּמָאתָיךְ דְּרִי וְאִי לָא אִתְיַיקּוֹרֵי אֲנָא בְּזִילוּתָא דִּידָךְ לָא נִיחָא לִי וְלֹא עָלְתָה עַל מִטָּתִי קִלְלַת חֲבֵרִי כִּי הָא דְּמַר זוּטְרָא כִּי הֲוָה סָלֵיק לְפוּרְיֵיהּ אֲמַר שְׁרֵי לֵיהּ לְכׇל מַאן דְּצַעֲרָן וַותְּרָן בְּמָמוֹנִי הָיִיתִי דְּאָמַר מָר אִיּוֹב וַותְּרָן בְּמָמוֹנֵיהּ הֲוָה שֶׁהָיָה מַנִּיחַ פְּרוּטָה לַחֶנְוָנִי מִמָּמוֹנֵיהּ
The Gemara discusses the fourth Sage who was blessed with longevity: Rabbi Neḥunya ben HaKana was once asked by his disciples: In the merit of which virtue were you blessed with longevity? He said to them: In all my days, I never attained veneration at the expense of my fellow’s degradation. Nor did my fellow’s curse ever go up with me upon my bed. If ever I offended someone, I made sure to appease him that day. Therefore, when I went to bed I knew that no one had any grievances against me. And I was always openhanded with my money. I never attained veneration at the expense of my fellow’s denigration. This is referring to conduct such as that of Rav Huna, who was carrying a hoe over his shoulder as he returned from his work. Rav Ḥana bar Ḥanilai came and, out of respect for his teacher, took the hoe from him to carry it for him. Rav Huna said to him: If you are accustomed to carrying such objects in your own city, you may carry it; but if not, then for me to be venerated through your denigration is not pleasing for me. Rabbi Neḥunya also said: Nor did I ever allow the resentment caused by my fellow’s curse to go up with me upon my bed. This is referring to conduct such as that of Mar Zutra. When he would go to bed at night, he would first say: I forgive anyone who has vexed me. Lastly, Rabbi Neḥunya said: And I was always openhanded with my money. This is referring to conduct such as that which the Master said: Job was openhanded with his money, as he would always leave at least a peruta of his money with the shopkeeper. He never demanded the change from his transactions.
There's still another few episodes in the''how did you get so old, Rebbi? ' series, but the next one is a bit different, and features a guest start: Rabbi Akiba. So it feels apt to take a step aside and ask ourselves.
Why all this? What is Chazal getting at?