נח - אברהם - יששכר

(ט) אֵ֚לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֣ת נֹ֔חַ נֹ֗חַ אִ֥ישׁ צַדִּ֛יק תָּמִ֥ים הָיָ֖ה בְּדֹֽרֹתָ֑יו אֶת־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים הִֽתְהַלֶּךְ־נֹֽחַ׃

(9) This is the line of Noah.—Noah was a righteous man; he was blameless in his age; Noah walked with God.—

(ב) בדרותיו. יֵשׁ מֵרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דּוֹרְשִׁים אוֹתוֹ לְשֶׁבַח, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן אִלּוּ הָיָה בְדוֹר צַדִּיקִים הָיָה צַדִּיק יוֹתֵר; וְיֵשׁ שֶׁדּוֹרְשִׁים אוֹתוֹ לִגְנַאי, לְפִי דוֹרוֹ הָיָה צַדִּיק וְאִלּוּ הָיָה בְדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם לֹא הָיָה נֶחְשָׁב לִכְלוּם (סנה' ק"ח):

Rashi on Genesis 6:9:2

(2) בדורותיו IN HIS GENERATIONS — Some of our Rabbis explain it (this word) to his credit: he was righteous even in his generation; it follows that had he lived in a generation of righteous people he would have been even more righteous owing to the force of good example. Others, however, explain it to his discredit: in comparison with his own generation he was accounted righteous, but had he lived in the generation of Abraham he would have been accounted as of no importance (cf. Sanhedrin 108a).

רש"י על בראשית ו׳:ט׳:ג׳

(ג) את האלהים התהלך נח. וּבְאַבְרָהָם הוּא אוֹמֵר אֲשֶׁר הִתְהַלַּכְתִּי לְפָנָיו? (ברא' כ"ד), נֹחַ הָיָה צָרִיךְ סַעַד לְתָמְכוֹ, אֲבָל אַבְרָהָם הָיָה מִתְחַזֵּק וּמְהַלֵּךְ בְצִדְקוֹ מֵאֵלָיו:

Rashi on Genesis 6:9:3

(3) את האלהים התהלך נח NOAH WALKED WITH GOD — In the case of Abraham Scripture says, (Genesis 24:40) ‘‘[God] before whom I walked”; Noah needed God’s support to uphold him in righteousness, Abraham drew his moral strength from himself and walked in his righteousness by his own effort (Genesis Rabbah 30:10).

משנה אבות ה׳:ב׳

(ב) עֲשָׂרָה דוֹרוֹת מֵאָדָם וְעַד נֹחַ, לְהוֹדִיעַ כַּמָּה אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם לְפָנָיו, שֶׁכָּל הַדּוֹרוֹת הָיוּ מַכְעִיסִין וּבָאִין עַד שֶׁהֵבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת מֵי הַמַּבּוּל. עֲשָׂרָה דוֹרוֹת מִנֹּחַ וְעַד אַבְרָהָם, לְהוֹדִיעַ כַּמָּה אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם לְפָנָיו, שֶׁכָּל הַדּוֹרוֹת הָיוּ מַכְעִיסִין וּבָאִין, עַד שֶׁבָּא אַבְרָהָם וְקִבֵּל עָלָיו שְׂכַר כֻּלָּם:

Pirkei Avot 5:2

(2) [There were] ten generations from Adam to Noah, in order to make known what long-suffering is His; for all those generations kept on provoking Him, until He brought upon them the waters of the flood. [There were] ten generations from Noah to Abraham, in order to make known what long-suffering is His; for all those generations kept on provoking Him, until Abraham, came and received the reward of all of them.

ספר הזהר, נח כ״ה

אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק וְעִם כָּל דָּא כֵּיוָן דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא וַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶת בְּרִיתִי אִתָּךְ הֲוָה לֵיהּ לְמִבְעֵי רַחֲמֵי עֲלַיְיהוּ. וְקָרְבָּנָא דְּאַקְרִיב לְבָתַר, דְּיַקְרִיב לֵיהּ מִן קַדְמַת דְּנָא דִּלְמָא יִשָּׁכֵךְ רוּגְזָא מֵעָלְמָא.

Zohar, Noach 25

Rabbi Yitzchak said that even though this was the case, when the Holy One, blessed be He, said to him "But with will I establish My covenant," he should have asked for mercy for them as well. And he should have sacrificed the offering he gave (after the flood) before it happened. Maybe that would have calmed the Judgment of wrath that hung over the world.

בראשית י״ח:כ״ב-כ״ג

(כב) וַיִּפְנ֤וּ מִשָּׁם֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ סְדֹ֑מָה וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם עוֹדֶ֥נּוּ עֹמֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃ (כג) וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַאַ֣ף תִּסְפֶּ֔ה צַדִּ֖יק עִם־רָשָֽׁע׃

Genesis 18:22-23

(22) The agents went on from there to Sodom, while Abraham remained standing before יהוה. (23) Abraham came forward and said, “Will You sweep away the innocent along with the guilty?

רש"י על בראשית ד׳:כ״ב:ג׳

(ג) נעמה. הִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל נֹחַ:

Rashi on Genesis 4:22:3

(3) נעמה NAAMAH — She was Noah’s wife (Genesis Rabbah 23:3).

בראשית ט׳:כ׳-כ״א

(כ) וַיָּ֥חֶל נֹ֖חַ אִ֣ישׁ הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה וַיִּטַּ֖ע כָּֽרֶם׃ (כא) וַיֵּ֥שְׁתְּ מִן־הַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁכָּ֑ר וַיִּתְגַּ֖ל בְּת֥וֹךְ אׇהֳלֹֽה׃

Genesis 9:20-21

(20) Noah, the tiller of the soil, was the first to plant a vineyard. (21) He drank of the wine and became drunk, and he uncovered himself within his tent.

בראשית מ״ט:י״ד-ט״ו

(יד) יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר חֲמֹ֣ר גָּ֑רֶם רֹבֵ֖ץ בֵּ֥ין הַֽמִּשְׁפְּתָֽיִם׃ (טו) וַיַּ֤רְא מְנֻחָה֙ כִּ֣י ט֔וֹב וְאֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ כִּ֣י נָעֵ֑מָה וַיֵּ֤ט שִׁכְמוֹ֙ לִסְבֹּ֔ל וַיְהִ֖י לְמַס־עֹבֵֽד׃ {ס}

Genesis 49:14-15

(14) Issachar is a strong-boned ass,
Crouching among the sheepfolds.
(15) When he saw how good was security,
And how pleasant was the country,
He bent his shoulder to the burden,
And became a toiling serf.

יששכר, שכר; חמרא - יין בארמית, חומריות

Yissachar is made up of two words יש שכר - there is alcohol. חמר means wine in Aramaic, it is also named similar to חומריות materialism

רש"י על בראשית מ״ט:ט״ו

(א) וירא מנחה כי טוב. רָאָה לְחֶלְקוֹ אֶרֶץ מְבֹרֶכֶת וְטוֹבָה לְהוֹצִיא פֵרוֹת: (ב) ויט שכמו לסבול עֹל תּוֹרָה: (ג) ויהי. לְכָל אֶחָיו יִשְׂרָאֵל: (ד) למס עובד. לִפְסֹק לָהֶם הוֹרָאוֹת שֶׁל תּוֹרָה וְסִדְרֵי עִבּוּרִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וּמִבְּנֵי יִשָּׂשכָר יוֹדְעֵי בִינָה לַעִתִּים לָדַעַת מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה יִשְׂרָאֵל רָאשֵׁיהֶם מָאתַיִם (דברי הימים א י"ב), מָאתַיִם רָאשֵׁי סַנְהֶדְרָאוֹת הֶעֱמִיד וְכָל אֲחֵיהֶם עַל פִּיהֶם: (ה) ויט שכמו. הִשְׁפִּיל שִׁכְמוֹ, כְּמוֹ וַיֵּט שָׁמַיִם (שמואל ב כ"ב), הַטּוּ אָזְנְכֶם (תהילים ע"ח).

Rashi on Genesis 49:15

(1) וירא מנחה כי טוב AND HE SAW THAT REPOSE WAS GOOD — He chose (ראה) as his portion a land that was blessed and well-fitted to produce fruits (cf. Onkelos; so that he need not engage overmuch in business. (2) ויט שכמו לסבול AND HE INCLINED THE SHOULDER TO RECEIVE THE BURDEN namely the burden of tracking the Torah. (3) ויהי AND BECAME unto all Israel his brethren. (4) למס עובד A SERVANT UNTO TRIBUTE — deciding for them points of Law and the rules with regard to the fixing of leap-years, as it is said (1 Chronicles 12:32) “And of the children of Issachar, men that had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do; the heads of them were two hundred” — two hundred heads of the Sanhedrin he provided — “and all their brethren were at their commandment” (Genesis Rabbah 99:10). (5) ויט שכמו AND HE INCLINED HIS SHOULDER — he lowered his shoulder; similar are, (2 Samuel 22:10) “He bowed (ויט) the heavens” and (Psalms 78:1) “Incline (הטו) your ear”.

תהילים צ׳:י״ז

(יז) וִיהִ֤י ׀ נֹ֤עַם אֲדֹנָ֥י אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ עָ֫לֵ֥ינוּ וּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָ֭דֵינוּ כּוֹנְנָ֥ה עָלֵ֑ינוּ וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָ֝דֵ֗ינוּ כּוֹנְנֵֽהוּ׃ {פ}

Psalms 90:17

(17) May the favor of the Lord, our God, be upon us;
let the work of our hands prosper,
O prosper the work of our hands!

תרגום תהלים צ׳:י״ז

(יז) וִיהֵי בְסִימוּתָא דְגַן עֵדֶן מִן קֳדָם יְיָ עֲלָנָא וְעוֹבָדֵי יְדֵינָא מִנֵיהּ יִתַּקְנוּן:

Aramaic Targum to Psalms 90:17

(17) And may the pleasantness of the Garden of Eden be upon us from the presence of the LORD our God, and the works of our hands will be established by him.