Parshat Bamidbar Queer Family: Who's Counting and Who's Counted?

Parshat Bamidbar (Numbers 1:1:4:20) outlines the Israelites’ census and community structure. In this Torah study, we will explore queer family structures and who is included in queer community. Who do we count in our community and family? Who decides?

Blessing for Torah Study

Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu melech ha-olam, asher kid’shanu b’mitzvotav v’tzivanu la'asok b’divrei Torah. Blessed are You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of all, who hallows us with mitzvot, charging us to engage with words of Torah.

Beginning with Our Own Torah

1) Think of or imagine a moment when you felt recognized as part of a community. What or who made you feel recognized? You could also consider a moment when you didn't feel recognized as part of a community. What or who made you feel unrecognized?

2) What does it mean to count someone in your community? Who gets to decide?


Questions to Consider

Who is counted in each tribe? Who is doing the counting? What are the implications of who is and isn't counted? How are tribes divided? What does this reveal about the Israelites' family structures? How might this relate to queer family structures?

(א) וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יְהֹוָ֧ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֛ה בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינַ֖י בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד בְּאֶחָד֩ לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֜י בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית לְצֵאתָ֛ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לֵאמֹֽר׃ (ב) שְׂא֗וּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֙ כׇּל־עֲדַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמ֔וֹת כׇּל־זָכָ֖ר לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָֽם׃ (ג) מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כׇּל־יֹצֵ֥א צָבָ֖א בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל תִּפְקְד֥וּ אֹתָ֛ם לְצִבְאֹתָ֖ם אַתָּ֥ה וְאַהֲרֹֽן׃

(1) On the first day of the second month, in the second year following the exodus from the land of Egypt, יהוה spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the Tent of Meeting, saying: (2) Take a census of the whole Israelite company [of fighters]*company [of fighters] NJPS “community,” trad. “congregation.” See the Dictionary under ‘edah. by the clans of its ancestral houses,*its ancestral houses I.e., its tribes. listing the names, every male, head by head. (3) You and Aaron shall record them by their groups, from the age of twenty years up, all those in Israel who are able to bear arms.

כל יצא צבא. מַגִּיד שֶׁאֵין יוֹצֵא בַּצָּבָא פָּחוּת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים:

כל יצא צבא [FROM TWENTY YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS] ALL THAT GO FORTH TO THE HOST — This tells us that no one less than twenty years of age goes forth to the host (cf. Rashi on Exodus 30:14 and Note thereon).

(ד) וְאִתְּכֶ֣ם יִהְי֔וּ אִ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ לַמַּטֶּ֑ה אִ֛ישׁ רֹ֥אשׁ לְבֵית־אֲבֹתָ֖יו הֽוּא׃ (ה) וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ שְׁמ֣וֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַֽעַמְד֖וּ אִתְּכֶ֑ם לִרְאוּבֵ֕ן אֱלִיצ֖וּר בֶּן־שְׁדֵיאֽוּר׃ (ו) לְשִׁמְע֕וֹן שְׁלֻמִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּרִֽישַׁדָּֽי׃ (ז) לִֽיהוּדָ֕ה נַחְשׁ֖וֹן בֶּן־עַמִּינָדָֽב׃ (ח) לְיִ֨שָּׂשכָ֔ר נְתַנְאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּעָֽר׃ (ט) לִזְבוּלֻ֕ן אֱלִיאָ֖ב בֶּן־חֵלֹֽן׃ (י) לִבְנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף לְאֶפְרַ֕יִם אֱלִישָׁמָ֖ע בֶּן־עַמִּיה֑וּד לִמְנַשֶּׁ֕ה גַּמְלִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־פְּדָהצֽוּר׃ (יא) לְבִ֨נְיָמִ֔ן אֲבִידָ֖ן בֶּן־גִּדְעֹנִֽי׃ (יב) לְדָ֕ן אֲחִיעֶ֖זֶר בֶּן־עַמִּֽישַׁדָּֽי׃ (יג) לְאָשֵׁ֕ר פַּגְעִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־עׇכְרָֽן׃ (יד) לְגָ֕ד אֶלְיָסָ֖ף בֶּן־דְּעוּאֵֽל׃ (טו) לְנַ֨פְתָּלִ֔י אֲחִירַ֖ע בֶּן־עֵינָֽן׃ (טז) אֵ֚לֶּה (קריאי) [קְרוּאֵ֣י] הָעֵדָ֔ה נְשִׂיאֵ֖י מַטּ֣וֹת אֲבוֹתָ֑ם רָאשֵׁ֛י אַלְפֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵֽם׃
(4) Associated with you shall be a participant from each tribe, each one the head of his ancestral house. (5) These are the names of the participants who shall assist you: From Reuben, Elizur son of Shedeur. (6) From Simeon, Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai. (7) From Judah, Nahshon son of Amminadab. (8) From Issachar, Nethanel son of Zuar. (9) From Zebulun, Eliab son of Helon. (10) From the sons of Joseph: from Ephraim, Elishama son of Ammihud; from Manasseh, Gamaliel son of Pedahzur. (11) From Benjamin, Abidan son of Gideoni. (12) From Dan, Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai. (13) From Asher, Pagiel son of Ochran. (14) From Gad, Eliasaph son of Deuel. (15) From Naphtali, Ahira son of Enan. (16) Those are the elected of the assembly, the chieftains of their ancestral tribes: they are the heads of the contingents of Israel.
וְאֵ֛לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֥ת אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּמֹשֶׁ֑ה בְּי֗וֹם דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּהַ֥ר סִינָֽי׃
This is the line of Aaron and Moses at the time that GOD spoke with Moses on Mount Sinai.
וְאֵ֛לֶּה שְׁמ֥וֹת בְּֽנֵי־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַבְּכֹ֣ר ׀ נָדָ֑ב וַאֲבִיה֕וּא אֶלְעָזָ֖ר וְאִיתָמָֽר׃
These were the names of Aaron’s sons: Nadab, the first-born, and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar;
ואלה תולדת אהרן ומשה. וְאֵינוֹ מַזְכִּיר אֶלָּא בְנֵי אַהֲרֹן וְנִקְרְאוּ תוֹלְדוֹת מֹשֶׁה, לְפִי שֶׁלִּמְּדָן תּוֹרָה, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁכָּל הַמְלַמֵּד אֶת בֶּן חֲבֵרוֹ תּוֹרָה מַעֲלֶה עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב כְּאִלּוּ יְלָדוֹ (סנהדרין י"ט):

ואלה תולדת אהרן ומשה AND THESE ARE THE OFFSPRING OF AARON AND MOSES — But it mentions only the sons of Aaron! But they also are called the sons of Moses because he taught them the Torah. This tells us that whoever teaches the Torah to the son of his fellow man Scripture regards it to him as though he had begotten him (Sanhedrin 19b).

(יד) וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינַ֖י לֵאמֹֽר׃ (טו) פְּקֹד֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י לֵוִ֔י לְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָ֖ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם כׇּל־זָכָ֛ר מִבֶּן־חֹ֥דֶשׁ וָמַ֖עְלָה תִּפְקְדֵֽם׃
(14) יהוה spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying: (15) Record the descendants of Levi by ancestral house and by clan; record every male among them from the age of one month up.

"Queer Tribes: Finding a Place for Alternative Families (Parashat B’midbar)" by Gregg Drinkwater (2006)

As one of two gay fathers of a six-month old daughter, I wonder: Where does this leave me? How is my daughter to count her tribe (forgetting, for a moment, that women were not even included in this census in the Book of Numbers)? She has two fathers – two tribes to account for. In the census of Jewish families, does she get counted twice, once for each “tribe”? And to make matters even more complicated, her mother, the woman with whom my husband and I co-parent, offers yet another familial lineage, another “tribal” bond. In our three-parent, two- household, one-child family, where does our daughter fit? How does Hashem count her? What place is there for her in the Jewish community?


Ending with Our Own Torah

1) Return to the moment when you felt recognized as part of a community. What were the advantages and disadvantages of being part of the group? You could also consider the moment when you didn't feel recognized as part of a community. What were the advantages and disadvantages of being part of the group? How does this question feel to you?

2) Who counts in your community? What is the basis that is used to decide?