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Rabbi Mark Borovitz, Finding Recovery and Yourself in Torah, p. 253
God tells Moses to send for “yourself” (Moses) people to spy on and explore the land of Canaan. God is basically saying, “Look, I have told you what is to happen. I have promised that I will be with you and deliver you. If you have to go and check it out yourself, then go.” Herein lies the problem for the Israelites and for us: the Israelites have been guided by God, protected by God, and nourished by God; they have heard the promises of God, and they have accepted God’s Torah with the words “We will do and then we will understand” (Exodus 24:7). Yet, here again, they doubt God, Moses, Aaron, Caleb, and Joshua. They believe the false reports of ten of the spies. They cannot or will not hear the words of Caleb and Joshua. Instead, they start feeling sorry for themselves. This incident brings up so many questions and experiences that we all have.
(2) שלח לך SEND THEE (more lit., for thyself) — i.e. according to your own judgement: I do not command you, but if you wish to do so send them. — God said this because the Israelites came to Moses and said. “We will send men before us etc.”, as it is said, (Deuteronomy 1:22): “And you approached me, all of you, [saying, We will send men, etc.]”, and Moses took counsel with the Shechinah (the Lord), whereupon He said to them, I have told them long ago that it (the land) is good, as it is said, (Exodus 3:17): “I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt … [unto a land flowing with milk and honey]”. By their lives! I swear that I will give them now an opportunity to fall into error through the statements of the spies, so that they should not come into possession of it (the land) (Sotah 34b; cf. also Rashi on Sotah 34b:8 מדעתך and Midrash Tanchuma, Sh'lach 5).
(ח) כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְמשֶׁה נִשְׁלְחָה אֲנָשִׁים לְפָנֵינוּ, הִתְחִיל משֶׁה עוֹמֵד וְתוֹהֶא אָמַר אֶפְשָׁר לִי לַעֲשׂוֹת דָּבָר עַד שֶׁאֶמָּלֵךְ בְּהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, הָלַךְ וְנִמְלַךְ, אָמַר לוֹ כָּךְ וְכָךְ בָּנֶיךָ מְבַקְּשִׁים, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֵין זֶה תְּחִלָּה לָהֶם, עַד שֶׁהֵם בְּמִצְרַיִם הִלְעִיגוּ לִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (הושע ז, טז): זוֹ לַעְגָּם בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם, לְמוּדִים הֵם לְכָךְ, אֵינִי צָרִיךְ לְנַסּוֹתָם, שֶׁכָּתוּב (דניאל ב, כב): יָדַע מָה בַחֲשׁוֹכָא וּנְהוֹרָא עִמֵּהּ שְׁרֵא, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא משֶׁה יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי מָה הֵם, אֶלָּא אִם בִּקַּשְׁתָּ שְׁלַח לְךָ לְעַצְמְךָ, מִנַיִן, שֶׁכֵּן כְּתִיב (במדבר יג, טז): אֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת הָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר שָׁלַח משֶׁה לָתוּר.
(8) 8 When they said to Moses (in Deut. 1:22), “Let us send men ahead of us,” Moses began to wonder. He said, “It is impossible for me to do something before I consult with the Holy One, blessed be He.” He went and consulted. He said to him, “Your children want thus and so.” The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him, “This is not the first time for them. While they were in Egypt, they jeered at Me, as stated (in Hos. 7:16), ‘this was their derision in the land of Egypt.’ They are accustomed to such [behavior]. I do not need to test them; as see, it is written (in Dan. 2:22), ‘He knows what is in the darkness, and the light dwells with Him’; I know what they are [saying]. But if you want, you yourself, ‘Send men for yourself.’” Where is it shown? Where it is written (in Numb. 13:16), “These are the names of the men whom Moses sent to spy out the land.”
Rambam on Numbers 13:2
...it is possible that it was because Moses knew that it is a fertile and good land, — as he was told, unto a good Land and a large one, unto a Land flowing with milk and honey, — that he told them to set their minds ascertaining this [fact], so that [upon their return] they would tell the people about it, and they would rejoice and gain renewed strength to go up there in joy. Therefore he told them, And be ye of good courage, and bring of the fruit of the Land, so that they [the people] would see with their own eyes the goodness of the Land. Now it is well-known that Egypt is not very far from Hebron — approximately a seven-days’ journey distant — and the border of the land of Canaan comes close to Egypt, and it is therefore impossible that people who live in Egypt should not know about the land of Canaan whether it is good or bad. And indeed Moses’ intention was to find out the way by which he should go up, and the cities which he was to capture first, as I have explained. However, since the Israelites in Egypt were slaves doing most rigorous work, they did not know, neither did they understand [the nature of the Land], therefore Moses wanted the spies to tell them all the particulars of the Land in order to cause them to rejoice in its qualities, since he [himself] knew of them [as explained above.].
Dr. Avivah Gottlieb Zornberg, The Particulars of Rapture, p. 161-162
Even Moses’ agenda for the Spies includes the essential question: “Is it good or evil?” (Num 13:19). This doubt, that haunts the people throughout the redemption and wilderness epochs, is a doubt about being loved. It is significant, therefore, that in Moses’ prayer of intercession for his people, he quotes a version of God’s attributes that emphasizes love and forgiveness (Num 14:18).
Rashi on Numbers 13:23
(2) וישאהו במוט בשנים AND THEY BARE IT UPON A POLE BETWEEN TWO — From what is implied in the statement “And they bare it upon a pole”, do I not know that it was carried by two men”? why then does it add the word בשנים? It means, not as you assume, “by two men” but “upon two poles”. How was that done? Eight of the spies bore the cluster of grapes. Besides these, one spy took the fig and one the pomegranate, but Joshua and Caleb did not take anything (although all of them were bidden to do so; cf. v. 20), because the very essence of their (the other spies’) intention was only to bring an evil report: “Just as its fruit is extraordinary in size, so is its people extraordinary in size”
And the land had rest from war.
RA & USCJ, Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary, p. 842
28. What the scouts reported was factually correct but it was not the truth. Truth is more than a summary of empirical facts. It must include the response of the soul to those facts, and this is where the scouts failed in their duty (Menachem Mendel of Kotzk).
Saying, in the Israeli Army
'This is what we have and with this we will win.'
Louis Ginzberg, Legends of the Jews, p. 707
“The scouts sought out a hiding place [from three giants, all brothers, who were chasing them]. But what they had believed to be a cave was only the rind of a huge pomegranate that the giant’s daughter had thrown away, as they later, to their horror, discovered. For this girl, after having eaten the fruit, remembered that she must not anger her father by letting the rind lie there, so she picked it up with the twelve men in it as one picks up an eggshell and threw it in the garden, never noticing that she had thrown with it twelve men, each measuring sixty cubits in height. When they left their hiding place, they said to one another, ‘Behold the strength of these women and judge by their standard the men!”
Midrash Tanhuma, Sh'lach 7
They said (in Numb. 13:33), “And in our own eyes we were like grasshoppers.” The Holy One, blessed be He, said, “I forgave them for that [remark]; but I was exacting [when they said] (ibid., cont.), ‘And so we were in their eyes.’ Who would say that you were not like angels in their eyes? Do you know what I made you in their eyes?”
Dr. Avivah Gottlieb Zornberg, The Beginning of Desire, p. 10-11
“On the one hand, the swarmlike, the horizontal, attached to the earth,” and “on the other hand, the Godlike, concentrated, vertical” and having an “all-encompassing vision of the world.” What happens to ten of the twelve spies and then the Israelites who rebel is “the incapacity to bear the tension of their own equivocal existence, [and it] leads to a real despair, an acceptance of the lowest human profile – ‘And so we were in their eyes.’ The spies see themselves reflected in the eyes of the fantasy giants: an intimate vision of self is corroborated at every turn.”
Rabbi Shefa Gold, Torah Journeys, p. 147
So, too, this portion blesses us with a mission: Spy out the Land of our Inheritance, taste the milk and honey that flows from the Land of Promise, and let tht taste guide us on your journey. The blessing we receive is a glimpse. What we do with that glimpse becomes the challenge. Over a lifetime we are given glimpses, flashes, and hints that open our awareness to the Reality of paradise and unity that underlies this world of constant flux. We are graced with a timeless moment in which the infinite is revealed as the source of our finite world. We are sent to that land of expanded consciousness through imagination, practice, and grace. We return from this taste of enlightenment either empowered to receive and integrate the supreme blessing into our lives, or completely terrorized by the incomprehensible immensity of what we feel is beyond our grasp. 'The land eats up its inhabitants,' report the spies. And they are correct. The small ego-driven separate self cannot survive in the pure air of that land. The 'I' will be dissolved, called beyond itself, merging with the beauty and mystery of that place. The spies return from their mission divided...We glimpse the Promised Land, the place that is flowing with milk and honey, and then must return to the wilderness of our lives. This circuitous journey sets up a tension within. us. We know the taste of perfection and yet the urge to reach for it calls us to battle again and again. We know that beneath the mask of suffering, there is grace. We have seen the light that is imprisoned within the shell of the world, the shell whose stubborn opacity shields us from the power of the truth within. The memory of our glimpse fuels our journey and keeps us from succumbing to the illusion and tyranny of this-is-all-there-is physical reality. That memory guides us through the wilderness.
Martin Buber, I and Thou, Scribner Second edition, p. 71-72
Two rows of pictures, on the right wall and on the left. On the one there is (or rather, there takes place, for the world-pictures of thought are reliable cinematography) the universe. The tiny earth plunges from the whirling stars, tiny man from the teeming earth, and now history bears him further through the ages, to rebuild persistently the ant-hill of the cultures which history crushes underfoot. Beneath the row of pictures is written: 'One and all.' On the other wall there takes place the soul. A spinner is spinning the orbits of all stars and the life of all creation and the history of the universe; everything is woven on one thread, and is no longer called stars and creation and universe, but sensations and imaginings, or even experiences, and conditions of the soul. And beneath the row of pictures is written: 'One and all.' Thenceforth, if ever the man shudders at the alienation, and the world strikes terror in his heart, he looks up (to right or left, just as it may chance) and sees a picture. There he sees that the I is embedded in the world and that there really is no I at all - so the world can do nothing to the I, and he is put at ease; or he sees that the world is embedded in the I, and that there really is no world at all - so the world can do nothing to the I, and he is put at ease. Another time, if the man shudders at the alienation, and the I strikes terror in his heart, he looks up and sees a picture; which picture he sees does not matter, the empty I is stuffed full with the world or the stream of the world flows over it, and he is put at ease. But a moment comes, and it is near, when the shuddering man looks up and sees both pictures in a flash together. And a deeper shudder seizes him.
Martin Buber, Tales of the Hasidim, p. 249-250
Rabbi Bunam said to his disciples: 'Everyone must have two pockets, so that he can reach into the one or the other, according to his needs. In his right pocket are to be the words, 'For my sake the world was created,' and in his left, 'I am but earth and ashes.'
Rabbi Mark Borovitz, Finding Recovery and Yourself in Torah, p. 255
I think that because the spies were princes of the tribes, they thought that they knew it all and could do things their own way. They were sure that they were right and trying to save the people. When we think too highly of ourselves, we are not teachable. When we are not teachable, we are dangerous. We can and do create havoc and ruin when we put ourselves in God’s chair and in the place belonging to our leaders and mentors.
Isaac Arama, cited in Nehama Leibowitz, Studies in Bamidbar, p. 146
They retreated saying 'We cannot go up' implying that they did not desire to scale the heights of spiritual perfection, the ladder to which was the Holy Land itself, but preferred to choose a captain and go back to Egypt, descending to an impure land.
Rabbi Mark Borovitz, Finding Recovery and Yourself in Torah, p. 257
How could they have thought for a second that Egypt was better than freedom? How could they have been willing to turn their lives over to the pharaoh and not to God?
Rabbi Shai Held, The Heart of Torah, vol. 2, location 2766, Kindle edition
In many ways Numbers serves as a kind of counterweight to some of the ways Jews tend to talk about teshuvah (repentance). In celebrating (and encouraging) the human capacity for change and transformation, some Jewish thinkers wax almost rhapsodic about the power of teshuvah. They speak of it as an act of self-creation, which they describe as nothing less than “a severing of one’s psychic identity with one’s previous ‘I’ and the creation of a new ‘I,’ possessor of a new consciousness, a new heart and spirit, different desires, longings, [and] goals.” Teshuvah is, on such accounts, a “creative gesture” that results in “the emergence of a new personality, a new self.”78 As motivational discourse such talk undoubtedly has its place. But Numbers introduces a far soberer note: For all its centrality in Jewish thought and spirituality, change is extremely—and sometimes excruciatingly—hard to achieve. The Israelites trek through the desert and end up . . . right where they started. Numbers reminds us that “one can take the people out of Egypt, but it proves [far] more difficult to take Egypt out of the people.”79
Rambam on Numbers 14:1
Now our Rabbis have said: [“That day was the ninth of Ab. Said the Holy One, blessed be He:] ‘They wept for no good reason; therefore I will establish [that day as one for] weeping throughout their generations’.” But I do not know from what allusion in this section [of the Torah] the Rabbis deduced this interpretation. It is, however, a clearly-expressed verse [in the Book of Psalms]: Moreover, they scorned the desirable Land, they believed not His word. And they murmured in their tents, they hearkened not unto the voice of the Eternal. Therefore He swore concerning them, that He would overthrow them in the wilderness, and that He would cast out their seed among the nations, and scatter them in the lands.
Nehama Leibowitz, Studies in Bamidbar, pl. 146
They were afraid of the responsibilities of freedom, the dangers involved in securing it. Far better it was to wander in the wilderness and even to return to Egyptian bondage. The slave has no responsibility and his fate is decided by others. They spurned the opportunity to lead their own lives, foster their own economy and govern themselves. The congregation which wept on that night set the pattern for future generations, characterized by the search for security, the flight from responsibility and independence. Their motto was, 'let us go back to our place of bondage.' This formula has been echoed in even in our own day, and on it our Sages made the following comment: 'They wept for no reason, but I shall give them a resoson to weep for generations.'
(ו) וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן וְכָלֵב֙ בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה מִן־הַתָּרִ֖ים אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ קָרְע֖וּ בִּגְדֵיהֶֽם׃ (ז) וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֶל־כׇּל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָבַ֤רְנוּ בָהּ֙ לָת֣וּר אֹתָ֔הּ טוֹבָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ מְאֹ֥ד מְאֹֽד׃ (ח) אִם־חָפֵ֥ץ בָּ֙נוּ֙ יְהֹוָ֔ה וְהֵבִ֤יא אֹתָ֙נוּ֙ אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את וּנְתָנָ֖הּ לָ֑נוּ אֶ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־הִ֛וא זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ (ט) אַ֣ךְ בַּיהֹוָה֮ אַל־תִּמְרֹ֒דוּ֒ וְאַתֶּ֗ם אַל־תִּֽירְאוּ֙ אֶת־עַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י לַחְמֵ֖נוּ הֵ֑ם סָ֣ר צִלָּ֧ם מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֛ם וַֽיהֹוָ֥ה אִתָּ֖נוּ אַל־תִּירָאֻֽם׃ (י) וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ כׇּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה לִרְגּ֥וֹם אֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲבָנִ֑ים וּכְב֣וֹד יְהֹוָ֗ה נִרְאָה֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד אֶֽל־כׇּל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {פ}
(6) And Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh, of those who had scouted the land, rent their clothes (7) and exhorted the whole Israelite community: “The land that we traversed and scouted is an exceedingly good land. (8) If pleased with us, יהוה will bring us into that land, a land that flows with milk and honey, and give it to us; (9) only you must not rebel against יהוה. Have no fear then of the people of the country, for they are our prey: their protection has departed from them, but יהוה is with us. Have no fear of them!” (10) As the whole community threatened to pelt them with stones, the Presence of יהוה appeared in the Tent of Meeting to all the Israelites.
Bamidbar Rabbah 16:21
“So the whole congregation said to stone [them with stones]”: And who was “them?” Moses and Aaron. (Ibid., cont.) “Then the glory of the Lord appeared in the tent of meeting”: [This incident] teaches that they threw stones, but the cloud intercepted them.
Dr. Avivah Gottlieb Zornberg, The Particulars of Rapture, p. 432
the midrash hints at the veiled fantasy of the people, reading the sentence as a run-on statement: “… And the people threatened to stone them and the glory of God.” The object of the people’s anger is only apparently Joshua and Caleb; even Moses and Aaron are only manifestations of the hidden object of their hatred. It is the glory of God that is the target of their stones and it is the glory of God that absorbs them, so that no trace is left on the surface of the narrative.
Eikha Rabbah, Petichta 33
Granted Yom Kippur, as it is a day of pardon and forgiveness for Israel, the day on which the last tablets were given. However, what is the fifteenth of Av? ...Rabbi Avin and Rabbi Yoḥanan said: It is the day that the digging for those who died in the wilderness was halted. Rabbi Levi said: Every eve of the ninth of Av, Moses would dispatch a herald to the entire camp, saying: ‘Go out and dig,’ and they would go out and dig graves and sleep in them. In the morning, he would dispatch a herald saying: ‘Rise and separate the dead from the living,’ and they would stand and take themselves out. Fifteen thousand and more were subtracted, for a total of six hundred thousand. In the fortieth year, the last one, they did so and found themselves intact. They said: It appears that we were mistaken in our calculation, and they did the same on the tenth, the eleventh, the twelfth, the thirteenth, and the fourteenth. When the moon was full, they said: It appears that the Holy One blessed be He abrogated the decree from upon us, and they then rendered it a holiday.
Rabbi David Kasher, ParshaNut, p. 290-291
Yet if the conclusion of the midrash is that our sins caused further tragedy, the structure of the midrash leaves us wondering if the opposite might also be true: that our tragedies caused us to sin. For what is the aftereffect of forty years of constant death? What happens to someone who wakes up every year on the 9th of Av having lost 15,000 friends and relatives? When all the killing suddenly ends, is the day so easily transformed into a holiday? Or does the collective trauma linger? Are we anxious every year around this time because somewhere in our cultural DNA the recurring threat of death has been encoded? If we act irrationally, suspiciously, and defensively, is it because we sense some unknown harm looming on the horizon? If we lash out at one another or at the world around us, is it because we wonder if, any day now, we might wake up to another catastrophe? We are carrying around with us all the horrors of the past. We have, always, some vague collective memory of loss buried in the back of our consciousness. We still wake up every morning, staring up at a rectangle of sky, and feel a wave of relief at having lived to see another day. And then the second wave hits, and we remember that we are only alive because others have died.
(יא) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה עַד־אָ֥נָה יְנַאֲצֻ֖נִי הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה וְעַד־אָ֙נָה֙ לֹא־יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ בִ֔י בְּכֹל֙ הָֽאֹת֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ (יב) אַכֶּ֥נּוּ בַדֶּ֖בֶר וְאוֹרִשֶׁ֑נּוּ וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ אֹֽתְךָ֔ לְגוֹי־גָּד֥וֹל וְעָצ֖וּם מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ (יג) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־יְהֹוָ֑ה וְשָׁמְע֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּֽי־הֶעֱלִ֧יתָ בְכֹחֲךָ֛ אֶת־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה מִקִּרְבּֽוֹ׃ (יד) וְאָמְר֗וּ אֶל־יוֹשֵׁב֮ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּאת֒ שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה יְהֹוָ֔ה בְּקֶ֖רֶב הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־עַ֨יִן בְּעַ֜יִן נִרְאָ֣ה ׀ אַתָּ֣ה יְהֹוָ֗ה וַעֲנָֽנְךָ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד עֲלֵהֶ֔ם וּבְעַמֻּ֣ד עָנָ֗ן אַתָּ֨ה הֹלֵ֤ךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וּבְעַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ לָֽיְלָה׃ (טו) וְהֵמַתָּ֛ה אֶת־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה כְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֑ד וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמְע֥וּ אֶֽת־שִׁמְעֲךָ֖ לֵאמֹֽר׃ (טז) מִבִּלְתִּ֞י יְכֹ֣לֶת יְהֹוָ֗ה לְהָבִיא֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֣ע לָהֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃
(11) And יהוה said to Moses, “How long will this people spurn Me, and how long will they have no faith in Me despite all the signs that I have performed in their midst? (12) I will strike them with pestilence and disown them, and I will make of you a nation far more numerous than they!” (13) But Moses said to יהוה, “When the Egyptians, from whose midst You brought up this people in Your might, hear the news, (14) they will tell it to the inhabitants of that land. Now they have heard that You, יהוה, are in the midst of this people; that You, יהוה, appear in plain sight when Your cloud rests over them and when You go before them in a pillar of cloud by day and in a pillar of fire by night. (15) If then You slay this people wholesale, the nations who have heard Your fame will say, (16) ‘It must be because יהוה was powerless to bring that people into the land promised them on oath that [that god] slaughtered them in the wilderness.’
Masorah, cited in Michael Carasik, The Commentators' Torah: Numbers, p. 100
13. Moses said to the Lord. This expression occurs only four other times in the Bible, in 11:11 and in Exod. 4:10, 19:23, and 33:12
Rabbi Sonya K. Pilz, Ph.D., The Mussar Torah Commentary, p. 232
Had God loved more, had God been patient . . . maybe then, God would fully forgive the fearful Israelites. Maybe then God would understand that the divine desire to conquer the Land—NOW!—and to begin a new era of Torah’s laws—NOW!—cannot be fulfilled by this assemblage of anxious former slaves—and that fulfilling God’s vision might not even be their wish! Maybe God would learn then that building trust takes time—and so does learning to love. Maybe then God would seize God’s pain and disappointment with patience and would begin the slow and loving task of teaching a people how to trust.
(יז) וְעַתָּ֕ה יִגְדַּל־נָ֖א כֹּ֣חַ אֲדֹנָ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ לֵאמֹֽר׃ (יח) יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֔סֶד נֹשֵׂ֥א עָוֺ֖ן וָפָ֑שַׁע וְנַקֵּה֙ לֹ֣א יְנַקֶּ֔ה פֹּקֵ֞ד עֲוֺ֤ן אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֖ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִֽים׃ (יט) סְלַֽח־נָ֗א לַעֲוֺ֛ן הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה כְּגֹ֣דֶל חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתָה֙ לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם וְעַד־הֵֽנָּה׃
Ibn Ezra in Michael Carasik, The Commentators' Torah: Numbers, p. 103
The Levites and the priests too did not fall under this oath, for there was no spy representing them.
Midrash Tanchuma, Pinchas 7
(1) (Numb. 27:1:) “Then came forward the daughters of Zelophehad.” In that generation the women were fencing that which the men were breaching. Accordingly you find that Aaron said to them (i.e., the men in Exod. 32:2), “Take off the gold rings [that are in the ears of your wives…]”; but the women were unwilling and protested against their husbands. Thus it is stated (in vs. 3), “So all the people took off the gold rings that were in their ears.” Thus the women did not take part in making the [golden] calf. So also in the case of the spies who had spread slander (according to Numb. 14:36), “when they returned, they made [the whole congregation] murmur against him.” A decree was issued against them, because they had said (in Numb. 13:31), “We are unable to go up [against this people for they are stronger than us].” The women, however, were not with them in their counsel. What is written above the matter (in Numb. 26:65)? “Because the Lord had said to them, ‘They shall surely die in the wilderness,’ not a man of them remained.” [Note that Scripture speaks of] “a man,” and not of "a woman.” Because they (i.e., the men) did not want to enter the land, but the women came forward to ask for an inheritance [in the land]; (Numb. 27:1) “Then came forward the daughters of Zelophehad.” Therefore the parashah [about the death of that generation] was written next to this parashah, because what the men broke down the women fenced in.
(כח) אֱמֹ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם חַי־אָ֙נִי֙ נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֔ה אִם־לֹ֕א כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּרְתֶּ֖ם בְּאׇזְנָ֑י כֵּ֖ן אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ (כט) בַּמִּדְבָּ֣ר הַ֠זֶּ֠ה יִפְּל֨וּ פִגְרֵיכֶ֜ם וְכׇל־פְּקֻדֵיכֶם֙ לְכׇל־מִסְפַּרְכֶ֔ם מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲלִֽינֹתֶ֖ם עָלָֽי׃ (ל) אִם־אַתֶּם֙ תָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּ֑הּ כִּ֚י אִם־כָּלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה וִיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃ (לא) וְטַ֨פְּכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם לָבַ֣ז יִהְיֶ֑ה וְהֵבֵיאתִ֣י אֹתָ֔ם וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מְאַסְתֶּ֖ם בָּֽהּ׃ (לב) וּפִגְרֵיכֶ֖ם אַתֶּ֑ם יִפְּל֖וּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ (לג) וּ֠בְנֵיכֶ֠ם יִהְי֨וּ רֹעִ֤ים בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אֶת־זְנוּתֵיכֶ֑ם עַד־תֹּ֥ם פִּגְרֵיכֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ (לד) בְּמִסְפַּ֨ר הַיָּמִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־תַּרְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֘רֶץ֮ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים יוֹם֒ י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֞ה י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֗ה תִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־תְּנוּאָתִֽי׃ (לה) אֲנִ֣י יְהֹוָה֮ דִּבַּ֒רְתִּי֒ אִם־לֹ֣א ׀ זֹ֣את אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֗ה לְכׇל־הָעֵדָ֤ה הָֽרָעָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את הַנּוֹעָדִ֖ים עָלָ֑י בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּ֛ה יִתַּ֖מּוּ וְשָׁ֥ם יָמֻֽתוּ׃
(28) Say to them: ‘As I live,’ says יהוה, ‘I will do to you just as you have urged Me. (29) In this very wilderness shall your carcasses drop. Of all of you [men] who were recorded in your various lists from the age of twenty years up, you who have muttered against Me, (30) not one shall enter the land in which I swore to settle you—save Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua son of Nun. (31) Your children who, you said, would be carried off—these will I allow to enter; they shall know the land that you have rejected. (32) But your carcasses shall drop in this wilderness, (33) while your children roam the wilderness for forty years, suffering for your faithlessness, until the last of your carcasses is down in the wilderness. (34) You shall bear your punishment for forty years, corresponding to the number of days—forty days—that you scouted the land: a year for each day. Thus you shall know what it means to thwart Me. (35) I יהוה have spoken: Thus will I do to all that wicked band that has banded together against Me: in this very wilderness they shall die and so be finished off.’”
(לז) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ (לח) דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם וְעָשׂ֨וּ לָהֶ֥ם צִיצִ֛ת עַל־כַּנְפֵ֥י בִגְדֵיהֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹתָ֑ם וְנָ֥תְנ֛וּ עַל־צִיצִ֥ת הַכָּנָ֖ף פְּתִ֥יל תְּכֵֽלֶת׃ (לט) וְהָיָ֣ה לָכֶם֮ לְצִיצִת֒ וּרְאִיתֶ֣ם אֹת֗וֹ וּזְכַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־כׇּל־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהֹוָ֔ה וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־תָת֜וּרוּ אַחֲרֵ֤י לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְאַחֲרֵ֣י עֵֽינֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ (מ) לְמַ֣עַן תִּזְכְּר֔וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֶת־כׇּל־מִצְוֺתָ֑י וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם קְדֹשִׁ֖ים לֵאלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם׃ (מא) אֲנִ֞י יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצֵ֤אתִי אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִהְי֥וֹת לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִ֑ים אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ {פ}
(37) יהוה said to Moses as follows: (38) Speak to the Israelite people and instruct them to make for themselves fringes on the corners of their garments throughout the ages; let them attach a cord of blue to the fringe at each corner. (39) That shall be your fringe; look at it and recall all the commandments of יהוה and observe them, so that you do not follow your heart and eyes in your lustful urge. (40) Thus you shall be reminded to observe all My commandments and to be holy to your God. (41) I יהוה am your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God: I, your God יהוה.
Rabbi Shai Held, The Heart of Torah, vol. 2, location 2872
How would Kohelet understand the crime of the Israelites in parashat Shelaḥ? Perhaps, Kynes suggests, “the Israelites’ sin was that they did not pursue the joy offered them in the promised land of Canaan. . . . It was for this that they were judged.” In the spirit of Eccles. 11:9b, “the Israelites must give an account for the good they had seen and did not enjoy.” It is possible, then, that Ecclesiastes seeks to teach individuals the same thing that Numbers seeks to teach the people: God has given us opportunities for pleasure, and even delight, and we stray when we refuse them.96 Jewish theology does not sanction untrammeled pleasure seeking, nor is it blind to the ways the pursuit of pleasure can lead us to degrade others and ourselves. But enjoyment in itself is no vice. For Kohelet, as for (at least some of) the sages, it can even be a virtue. Kohelet encourages the simple pleasures—eating, but not gluttony; drinking, but not drunkenness; and working, but not obsessive greed and acquisitiveness.