God first tells Balaam not to curse the Hebrews. Upon a second request of Balak's ministers, God permits Balaam to go. Balaam chooses to go and God mocks him. Is God teaching Balaam a lesson or merely expressing his disappointment in a passive aggressive way? Is it possible that God has a sense of humor? Is humor unholy?
Ahab and Elijah are adversaries, as Elijah has called Ahab to task for his faithlessness and greed. Now Elijah challenges Ahab's priests to create fire for their sacrifice. Elijah taunts the priests of Baal who serve Ahab. To what end does Elijah use sarcasm?
What is the role of sarcasm in Torah? Is there a place for passive aggressive expressions of frustration, anger, or grief?
Can sarcasm and mockery be educational?
Is there a balance between using sarcasm or mockery to teach a lesson while sustaining some compassion?
Is mockery or sarcasm a necessary part of the way we improve the world?
(21) Death and life are in the power of the tongue;
Those who love it will eat its fruit.
(ג) וְהוֹכִחַ אַבְרָהָם אֶת אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וגו' (בראשית כא, כה), אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר חֲנִינָא הַתּוֹכַחַת מְבִיאָה לִידֵי אַהֲבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ט, ח): הוֹכַח לְחָכָם וְיֶאֱהָבֶךָּ, הִיא דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר חֲנִינָא דְּאָמַר כָּל אַהֲבָה שֶׁאֵין עִמָּהּ תּוֹכָחָה אֵינָהּ אַהֲבָה. אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ תּוֹכָחָה מְבִיאָה לִידֵי שָׁלוֹם, וְהוֹכִחַ אַבְרָהָם אֶת אֲבִימֶלֶךְ, הִיא דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּאָמַר כָּל שָׁלוֹם שֶׁאֵין עִמּוֹ תּוֹכָחָה אֵינוֹ שָׁלוֹם. (בראשית כא, כה): עַל אוֹדוֹת בְּאֵר הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר גָּזְלוּ עַבְדֵי אֲבִימֶלֶךְ, וְאֵי זֶהוּ גַּזְלָן, בַּר קַפָּרָא אָמַר זֶה שֶׁהוּא גוֹזֵל בְּפַרְהֶסְיָא, הֵיךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (שופטים ט, כה): וַיִּגְזְלוּ אֵת כָּל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲבֹר עֲלֵיהֶם בַּדָּרֶךְ, מַה דֶּרֶךְ בְּפַרְהֶסְיָא אַף גַּזְלָן בְּפַרְהֶסְיָא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי מַיְיתֵי לָהּ מֵהָכָא (מלאכי א, יג): וַהֲבֵאתֶם גָּזוּל וְאֶת הַפִּסֵּחַ וְאֶת הַחוֹלֶה, מַה פִּסֵּחַ וְחוֹלֶה מוּמִין בְּגָלוּי אַף גַּזְלָן בְּגָלוּי. רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְּשֵׁם רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר לִפְנֵי תִּשְׁעָה גַּנָּב, וְלִפְנֵי עֲשָׂרָה גַּזְלָן. רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי הוּנָא לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ גַּזְלָן עַד שֶׁיִּגְזְלָהּ מִיָּדוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל ב כג, כא): וַיִּגְזֹל אֶת הַחֲנִית מִיַּד הַמִּצְרִי. (בראשית כא, כו): וַיֹּאמֶר אֲבִימֶלֶךְ לֹא יָדַעְתִּי, וְגַם אַתָּה לֹא הִגַּדְתָּ לִי, עַל יְדֵי מַלְאָךְ, וְגַם אָנֹכִי לֹא שָׁמַעְתִּי בִּלְתִּי הַיּוֹם.
(3) “Abraham said: I will swear” (Genesis 21:24).
“Abraham reprimanded Avimelekh regarding the well of water that Avimelekh's servants had stolen” (Genesis 21:25).
“Abraham reprimanded Avimelekh…” – Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina said: Reprimand leads to love, as it is stated: “Rebuke a wise person, and he will love you” (Proverbs 9:8). This is consistent with [another] opinion of Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina, as he said: Any love that is not accompanied by reprimand is not [true] love.
Reish Lakish said: Reprimand leads to peace – “Abraham reprimanded Avimelekh.” This is consistent with [another] opinion of his, as he said: Any peace that is not accompanied by reprimand is not [true] peace.
“Regarding the well of water that Avimelekh’s servants had stolen [gazlu]” – what is a robber [gazlan]?12As opposed to a thief. Bar Kappara said: It is one who steals something in public, as it says: “They robbed everyone who passed them on the road” (Judges 9:25) – just as the road is in public, so, too, robbery is in public.
Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai derived it from here: “You brought [as sacrifices] the stolen [gazul] [animal], the lame, and the ill” (Malachi 1:13) – just as lameness and illness are visible, so too, a robber [gazlan] is visible [when he steals].
Rabbi Abahu said in the name of Reish Lakish: [If one steals] in the presence of nine people, he is a thief; in the presence of ten people, he is a robber.
Rabbi Tanḥuma in the name of Rabbi Huna: One is not considered a robber until he takes something out of someone’s hand, as it is stated: “He stole [vayigzol] the spear from the hand of the Egyptian” (II Samuel 23:21).
“Avimelekh said: I did not know who did this matter, neither did you tell me, nor did I hear of it, other than today” (Genesis 21:26).
“Avimelekh said: I did not know…neither did you tell me” – by means of a messenger, “nor did I hear of it, other than today.”
As Woody Allen has put it (in Love and Death): “If it turns out there is a God, I don’t think He is evil. I think that the worst thing that you can say about Him is that He is an underachiever.”
Oscar Wilde wrote, “Sarcasm is the lowest form of wit, but the highest form of intelligence.”