Based on lectures by Rabbi Dr. Ira Bedzow and tomes by Yuval Noah Harari, we are presently challenged to define what is human for the purposes of Jewish law and living in a civilized, ethical society. How Torah defines a human is a starting point only.
King David confronts enemies in every imaginable way - foreign powers, family members, former friends, and displaced royals. What can we learn from the King in how we deal with adversaries in our own lives?
Is a person born with an essential nature? Are we good or evil? What is an omnipotent creator's role in the formation of our personhood? The Tanya reflects at length on these essential characteristics.
While each person is created in God's image and each is valued as if an entire world, Torah demands that we value community and stay in relationship with each other.
God differentiated people, a man from a woman, people from one another, despite the commonalities among us. What differences are purposeful and which are not?
Compare motivations for giving charity - from the Golden Calf to caring for the poor. An exploration of tzedakah as being motivated by a love of God and building a holy community.
Within Yoma we have the seeds of caring more for the neshama than the halakhah. The later Babylonian rabbis recognized that legal authority must in some cases be limited, its expansive and controlling nature contained, and the law limited to make room for a certain degree of individual
autonomy.